Rung 5 · Collaborative

Collaborative 2-of-3 multisig

You hold two keys; a service holds the third — for signing help and inheritance, not custody.

Best for
Inheritance-minded holders who want a professional safety net
Rough cost
Device cost + annual service fee
Typical tier
Tier 2–3 · lower discipline OK

What this is

The same 2-of-3 setup as rung 4 — but one of the three keys is held by a collaborative-custody company (Unchained, Casa, Nunchuk, The Bitcoin Adviser, and others). They hold one key and help coordinate spending, recovery, and inheritance. They cannot move your funds — they only hold one of three, and you hold the other two. You keep unilateral control. What you outsource is complexity, not custody.

What it’s good at

What it costs you

Sovereign recovery is the make-or-break test

The one criterion that matters most when choosing a partner: can you still spend using your two keys plus the wallet descriptor if the partner vanishes tomorrow? Reputable partners publish open-source recovery tools that prove yes. Verify this before you commit — it’s the difference between a helper and a dependency.

Who should use it

Holders with substantial exposure who honestly recognise that they themselves are their own biggest risk — and who’d rather outsource complexity than build operational discipline from scratch. Especially attractive when your inheritance situation is non-trivial (substantial estate, multiple heirs, complex family), where the partner’s standing process adds real value.

Where the partners differ

Unchained White-glove partnership; documented inheritance protocols; attorney coordination.
Casa Multi-key architecture and tools first; lighter partner role.
Nunchuk Sovereignty and minimum trust; minimal disclosure (“don’t rely on us”).
The Bitcoin Adviser Estate-planning end; multisig as infrastructure for a broader inheritance plan.

None is “correct” — they serve different clients. Evaluate each on its sovereign-recovery story, multi-vendor hardware support, and exactly what happens to your setup if they disappear.

Planning for inheritance

This is the rung’s biggest strength. Your heirs contact the partner — who holds one key, the descriptor, and the expertise — prove their identity, and are walked through accessing one of your two keys. A far lower bar than DIY multisig, and the reason inheritance often tips a holder from rung 4 to rung 5.

When to climb

Most people should stop here or at rung 4. Only step up to 3-of-5 (rung 6) if you have a genuine multi-party or multi-jurisdiction need — otherwise it adds complexity without buying you meaningful safety.

Compare devices Back to the ladder

Last verified: July 15, 2026